停尸仪式

   他被移到正屋明间的灵床上，在亲属们的守护下度过生命中最后的时刻叫做“挺丧”。
   在弥留时刻，死者须穿上寿衣。在北方汉族的习俗里，贴身穿白色的衬衣衬裤，再穿黑色的棉衣棉裤，最外面套上一件黑色的长袍。整套服装不能够有扣子，而且要全部用带子系紧，这样做是表示"带子"，就是后继有人的意思。在死者的头上要戴上一顶挽边的黑色帽，帽顶上缝一个用红布做成的疙瘩，用来驱除煞气，人们认为这样做对子孙是吉祥的。如果死者是男性的话，脚上要穿黑色的布鞋，而如果是女性的话要穿蓝色的布鞋。寿衣一定要是是传统的式样，哪怕改朝换代、时过境迁，平时再也不穿民族的传统服饰了，等到临死的那一天，也还得要恢复原来的装束。因为按照传统的观念，人死之后就要去见远古的老祖宗，如果老祖宗认不出自己的子孙，不让他认祖归宗。在病人临终之前，家属必须要给他沐浴更衣。这实际上是给死者进行的第一次化妆整容。但是这样的的沐浴更衣，已经远远超出了服装本身的物质形式。亲属给死者沐浴，一方面寄托了生者对死去的人的深深的孝敬之情，一方面也有和"寿衣"一样的象征意义。清洗尸体所用的水一般都是买来的，俗称为"买水"。它本身是一个可以单独存在的仪式，就是把"阳水"变成"阴水"的一个转换仪式。买水用的钱主要是阴钱：烧香、化纸、即纸钱。这种钱只有在阴间才有价值，只能由灵魂享用，而在人间的话只是废纸一叠。"买水"为死人沐浴的目的除了在于"用水洗去死者生前的罪恶，消除死者在生前所犯下的罪孽"外，主要是要让死者的灵魂知道，这不是在给活人沐浴，而是要让死者干干净净地到达阴间，被祖先所收容。

祭奠仪式，就必须要搭灵棚。搭灵棚规模的大小，主要看丧居院落的格局。如果只搭一屋院子的棚，叫做"平棚起尖子"，也叫"一殿"，就像古典殿堂一样，上边起一条脊。如果丧居有两层院子，就可以搭一座大棚，将这两个院子都罩上，灵堂院子的棚顶高些，前院棚顶略低，使两个顶子浑然一体，后高前低，叫做"一殿一卷"，即后院高顶为"殿"， 前院低顶为"卷"。所谓"殿"，就是殿堂的意思；所谓"卷"，即棚顶全是活席，可以卷起来的意思。这种棚历来都用数层席箔里外包严，不见杉槁，不但美观，且不漏水。从外观上看，宏伟壮丽，犹如宫殿，使人望之，哀戚之情就油然而生。除了主棚外，还必须有许多用途不等，名称不同的棚，规模大小不一。由于在这期间，吊唁的亲友多，而且时间都比较集中，上祭恐怕发生拥挤，甚至排不上号。所以在其他院落就要搭一座或数座祭棚，凡远亲、朋友来吊唁的，就被知宾引到这种棚里上祭。还有的棚是用来摆官座，让来宾们休息、喝茶、用饭的。接下来就要举行开吊仪式。这是最讲究排场的一个仪式。东北吊唁的人一进门，亲属看见就嚎哭迎接。来吊唁的人向死者遗像行礼哀悼，然后垂泪痛哭。孝子孝媳至始至终都披麻戴孝跪在灵案边陪祭。来吊唁者都要在哀乐声中向死者跪拜。俗称"先死为大"，故除了长辈不下跪，即使平辈也得跪拜。有的地方把吊唁称为"拜祭"，一般亲友所送祭礼是香、纸钱、当送祭礼前来吊唁的人到来时，有些还哭唱出来生前与死者的友好关系，嘱咐亡魂应保佑他如何等等。现在城市，吊唁仪式已经大大简化了，主要是遗体告别和开追悼会。前来吊唁的人身着素装，佩戴白花和黑纱，在悠戚的哀乐声中，一一向遗体鞠躬致哀，而后在绕遗体一周瞻仰遗容。吊唁的人可以向死者的主要亲属说些简短的劝慰的话，如"请多保重"、"望您节哀"、"要主意身体"等，劝慰丧家节哀顺便，保重身体。

 入敛仪式

入殓有"大敛"和"小敛"之分。小敛是指为死者穿衣服，"大殓"是指收尸人棺，汉族民间俗称为"归大屋"。

吊唁举行完毕之后，就要对死者进行入殓仪式。入殓有"大敛"和"小敛"之分。小敛是指为死者穿衣服。根据史籍的记载，古代小敛是在死亡的第二天早晨的卧室门里。那个时候，先把小敛衣陈列在房里，然后铺设好敛床，接着举行着装仪式。主人和主妇都要把头上的饰物卸下来，把头发盘束在头上，男子要露臂，大家都要不停地号哭，以示悲痛至极。主持仪式的人开始为死者穿衣，先在床上铺席，再铺绞，它们的质地，要据死者的身份而定。无论贵贱尊卑，死者都应该穿上十九套新衣。穿好以后，亲属用被子把尸体裹上，然后用绞带捆紧。在这以后，再把布囊（称"冒"，分为上下两截）套在尸体上，然后盖上被子，覆盖好尸体。

在民间的习俗里，入殓的衣服和被子忌讳用缎子，因为"缎子"谐音"断子"，惟恐因为这个原因遭到断子绝孙的恶报。人们的做法一般用绸子，"绸子"谐音是"稠子"，可以福佑后代多子多孙。殓衣又忌讳用皮毛制作。兽皮，虽然是难得的贵物，但是对于已经死去的人没有益处，留下来对生者倒还可以有用。还有一种说法是，用兽皮做被子的话，死者来世会转生为兽类的。另外一种说法是从"全尸"考虑的，说是恐怕人尸与兽革混杂一处而不能辨别。殓衣还不能用带"洋"字的布料，殓衣是给去世的人穿的，带洋字的布料会使殓衣带有"阳"的意思，对于在阴间的死者不好。殓衣穿好后，有些地方要还要举行开光明和抿目等的活动。替死者穿好衣服后，"又拿一碗温和水，用一块新棉花，蘸这水，将亡人的眼睛擦洗擦洗，叫做开光，这也是孝子亲手作的事。说是死人若不开光，下辈子必是瞎子。

"大殓"是指收尸人棺，汉族民间俗称为"归大屋"。这就意味着死者与世隔绝，与亲人最后一别，所以举行大殓仪式非常隆重。收尸盛殓的棺材，是以松柏制作的，忌讳用柳木。松柏象征长寿。柳树不结籽，或以为导致绝嗣。有的地方用柏木做棺材要掺一些杉木，据说完全用柏木做的棺材会遭天打（触雷电）。寿木做好后，搁在那里不能移动，俗说随便移动，对本人不利。棺材外面一般漆成朱红色，写上金字。也有画上花鸟人物的。大敛的时间是在小敛的第二天，就是人死后的第三天举行，以等待他生还过来。按照民间习俗，要在棺底铺上一层谷草，然后在铺一层黄纸，意思是死者的灵魂能够高高地升入天堂。而七星板则是求寿之意。在七星板上铺黄绫子绣花的棉褥子，俗叫铺金，褥子上锈海上江牙、八仙过海等图案，意思是超度死者的灵魂升天成仙。当主人"奉尸敛于棺"的时候，是最能表现也最需要抒发子女们的孝心的时候，是亲人孝思形式化的最佳场合。所以，家人们都要捶胸顿足嚎啕大哭。在合上棺材之前还要往棺内放些葬物。民间的讲究是让死者左手执金，右手握银。多是让亡人左手拿一个一两重的小金元宝；右手拿一个一两重的小银元宝或银锭子；而穷人就只好放些铜钱，或当时社会上通用的硬币，如大铜子、小钢板之类。最不济也得给亡人手里放一块手绢。所以，历代的陵墓都有过盗掘的现象。尤其是帝王陵墓，随葬品大都是希世珍品，更引来无数觊觎者。为了保证亡人能够落个尸首完整，凡是亡人生前从身上脱落下来的东西，都应殓入棺内。比如老年时，脱落的牙齿，以及小殓沐浴时所剪下来的指甲。这时，家属必须把它们放入棺内。还有，过去有太监因为"净身"而割下来的生殖器，也要在这时候放入棺内，说是"来生要脱生个整身子"。尸体、殉葬物放妥后，接着要钉棺盖，民间称为"镇钉"。镇钉一般要用七根钉子，俗称"子孙钉"，这样能够使后代子孙兴旺发达。入殓后，雨打棺。否则，以为后代子孙会遭贫寒。入殓前后，停棺在堂，直至出殡。

 丧服仪式

在丧礼中，晚辈给长辈穿孝主要是为了表示孝意和哀悼。这本来是出自周礼，是儒家的礼制，后来，又被人们引申成为亡人"免罪"。在所有的这些丧葬习俗中，丧家必须穿戴丧服。在丧礼中，晚辈给长辈穿孝主要是为了表示孝意和哀悼。每个家族成员根据自己与死者的血缘关系，和当时社会所公认的形式来穿孝、戴孝，称为"遵礼成服"。两千年来，汉族的孝服虽然有穿承和变异，但仍然保持了原有的定制，基本上分为五等，即：斩榱、齐榱、大功、小功、缌麻。第一等叫"斩榱"，是五服中最重要的一种。"榱"是指丧服中披于胸前的上衣，下衣则叫做裳。斩榱上衣下裳都用最粗的生麻布制成的，左右衣旁和下边下缝，使断处外露，以表示未经修饰，所以叫做斩榱。对"榱"的解释，就是指不缝缉的意思。凡诸侯为天子、臣为君、男子及未嫁女为父母、媳对公婆、承重孙对祖父母、妻对夫，都要穿斩榱。次重孝服叫做"齐榱"，是用本色粗生麻布制成的。自此制以下的孝衣，凡剪断处均可以收边；下摆贴边都在砸边际。孙子、孙女为其祖父、祖母穿孝服；重子、重女为其曾祖父、曾祖母穿孝服；为高祖父、高祖母穿孝服均遵"齐榱"的礼制。孙子孝帽子上钉红棉球，长孙钉一个，次孙钉两个；余者类推。孙子媳妇带三花包头，插一小红福字。未出嫁、且未梳头的孙女用长孝带子在头上围一宽榱，结于头后，余头下垂脊背，头上亦插一小红福字。孙子、孙女的孝袍子肩上钉有红布一块，有的剪成蝙蝠、有的剪成其它图案。按亡人性别，男左女右。谓之"钉红儿"。 重孙子孝帽子上钉粉红棉球，亦长孙钉一个，次孙钉两个；余者类推。孝袍子肩上钉有红布两块，亦男左女右。谓之"钉双补丁儿"。元孙肩上钉三个"钉丁儿"。“大功"是轻于"齐榱"的丧服，是用熟麻布制作的，质料比"齐榱"用料稍细。为伯叔父母、为堂兄弟、未嫁的堂姐妹、已嫁的姑、姐妹，以及已嫁女为母亲、伯叔父、兄弟服丧都要穿这种"大功"丧服。"小功"是轻于"大功"的丧服，是用较细的熟麻布制作的。这种丧服是为从祖父母、堂伯叔父母、未嫁祖姑、堂姑、已嫁堂姐妹、兄弟之妻、从堂兄弟、未嫁从堂姐妹，和为外祖父母、母舅、母姨等服丧而穿的。最轻的孝服是"缌麻"，是用稍细的熟布做成的。现在大多用漂白的布做成。称为"漂孝"。凡为曾祖父母、族伯父母、族兄弟姐妹、未嫁族姐妹，和外姓中为表兄弟、岳父母穿孝都用这个档次。可见传统礼仪是根据丧服的质料和穿丧服的时间长短，来体现血缘关系的尊与卑、亲与疏的差异的。五服之外，古代还有一种更轻的服丧方式，叫"袒免"。在史籍中记载：朋友之间，如果亲自前去奔丧，在灵堂或殡葬时也要披麻；如果在他乡，那就"袒免"就可以了。袒，是袒露左肩；免，指不戴冠，用布带缚髻。到了近现代的时候，中国的丧葬习俗受到西方的影响，丧服有了很大改变。通常是在告别死者、悼念亡魂时，左胸别一朵小黄花，左臂围一块黑纱。有些妇女死了亲人在发际插一朵白绒花。这些象征的志哀方式，比起古代丧服，要大大简化了。

 出丧择日仪式

按照迷信的说法，人在刚日死，应选在柔日下葬；柔日死，应选在刚日下葬，刚日、柔日要配合好才行。尸体收敛之后就要把灵柩送到埋葬的地方下葬，叫做出丧，又叫"出殡"，俗称为"送葬"。停尸祭祀活动后就可以出丧安葬。在许多民族中对出丧日期都要慎重选择。按照迷信的说法，凡下奇月死者，应在偶月下葬；偶月死者，应在奇月下葬。奇月、偶月也要配合好才行。否则，不吉。

 哭丧仪式

哭丧是中国丧葬礼俗的一大特色。哭丧仪式贯穿在丧仪的始终，大的场面多达数次。而出殡时的哭丧仪式是最受重视的。择日仪式之后便要哭丧。哭丧是中国丧葬礼俗的一大特色。哭丧仪式贯穿在丧仪的始终，大的场面多达数次。而出殡时的哭丧仪式是最受重视的。出殡的时候必须有全体后代尤其是男人们"唱哭"，否则按照民间旧俗就会被视为不孝。另外，哭的音量大小也非常重要，如果哪家死者在黄泉路上没有响彻天地的哭声相伴，便在方圆数十里传为笑柄，其子孙后代也要被人们视为不孝，大逆不道，天理难容。为了求得孝得美名，孝子贤孙们在此确实也颇费了一番心机，花钱请人替死者哭丧便是历代孝子贤孙们得惯用手法。有些地方甚至出现了职业性的哭丧夫或哭丧妇，收入不菲。哭丧时"唱"出的歌叫哭丧歌，挽歌入礼，在汉晋时代兴起，到南北朝时更加流行。有趣的是，挽歌习俗流行起来之后，唱挽歌的场合就不限于出殡送葬了。挽歌成了表达心中的痛苦，对亡者的深切的思念等凄楚情感的一种宣泄。从形式上来看，现代民间哭丧歌，亦即挽歌可以分成三类：一是"散哭"； 二是"套头"； 三为"经"。散哭的特点是"随心翻"，想到什么就哭什么，搭着什么就唱什么，没有限制。其内容主要是倾诉对死者的思念之情，自责对长辈的不孝，悲叹自己的苦难身世。至于套头，是有内容的限制的。主要有"抱娘恩"、"十二个寻娘"、"十二月花名"等。哭的时候是哭别人的好处，诉自己的苦楚。"经"是结合丧葬仪式来唱的。病人死后，由女儿或者媳妇唱"买衣经"、"着衣经"等。哭的时候眼泪不能够掉到死者的身上，否则的话尸体就会变成僵尸，没有办法腐烂，也就不能轮回了。另外一种说法是，阎罗王看到死者的身上有泪痕，就会把他拒之门外，死者就只好在阴间之外受无边的苦。另外，"着衣经"要在涨潮的时候唱，因为"涨"字有积攒家财的意思。如果在这个时候哭，他的家业就能够像潮水一样不断地高涨。如果死者是女性，女儿还要给母亲唱"梳头歌"。不管怎么样，入殓的时候会唱的子女和亲属都要唱"哭丧歌"，倾诉自己对死者的思念之情。而出殡的这一天清早，长房媳妇要唱"开大门"。因为民间认为，人死了就会被打入十八层地狱，不哭开大门的话，死者就会在阴间受罪。出殡的时候，女儿或媳妇要唱"出材经"，回来后唱"床祀经"。唱"亭子经"是为了让死者能够在阴间路上歇脚乘凉。当设灵台的时候，要唱"灵台经"。这种唱经的习俗大多由女性来主持，目的是为了让死者平安的到达阴间。

 下葬仪式

这是死者停留在世间的最后时刻了，一般都非常郑重其事。经过了初丧、哭丧、做七、送葬等仪式之后，最后的环节就是下葬了。这是死者停留在世间的最后时刻了，一般都非常郑重其事。由于各个民族所处的生存环境不同等原因，形成了很多不同的下葬风俗仪式。这种下葬的仪式反映了人们对灵魂的崇拜。汉族主要是实行土葬。墓地是死者的最终归宿，所以墓地的选择是埋葬死者的头等大事。墓地要选在地势宽广，山清水秀的地方，找出生气凝结的吉穴，从而可以使死者安息地下，庇佑子孙。下葬仪式是非常讲究和烦琐的。抬灵柩的人叫做"八仙"，挖好棺材洞穴叫做"打穴"。在打穴之前还要祭祀开山，孝子要烧香点烛行开山礼。有的地方要请地仙，还要画太岁，开山的时候要避开太岁的方向，不然就是"太岁头上动土"，丧家就会遭受到祸害。开山的时候要在做墓穴的地方前后打个木桩，然后让孝子在打木桩的范围内用锄头挖三下。接着八仙就过来做穴，做好之后再把太岁的画像烧掉。这种墓穴，是把灵柩推进去的。在墓穴的底部铺垫着两根竹子或者剥了皮的光滑润泽的小衫树。放的时候，把灵柩的上首搁在上面，再用撬棍往里面推，推进去之后再抽掉垫底，最后铲一些草皮把洞口砌严封好。在旧时，祭祀墓穴是人们非常看重的。祭祀的时候把一只公鸡杀死，用它的血来祭奠。公鸡不会马上就死去，而是在墓穴里反复扑腾，按照旧时的说法，公鸡死在墓穴里的哪个部位，哪个部位的子孙就会兴旺发达。公鸡扑腾下来的鸡毛叫做"凤凰毛"，必须要拣掉。 下葬之前还要由死着的儿子把用五谷杂粮编成的五谷囤放在墓穴里。囤口上面盖着一张小烙饼。在墓穴里还要放一个陶瓷罐，罐子上面放一盏豆油灯，叫做长明灯。有的地方还在墓室上嵌一面铜镜，象征太阳。在古代的时候，有钱的人家要远离坟墓，射三支箭，然后马上后退。这样不敢靠近灵柩是因为担心压不住鬼邪，自己会遭殃。在灵柩放进墓穴的时候都必须放炮，说是为死者饯行去阴间。按照旧时的规矩，下葬的时间也是要讲究的，必须是太阳落山灵柩也落土。落土的时候"八仙"拽着棕绳徐徐放下，四平八稳之后，亲属们必须抓起泥土扔到灵柩上，这叫做"添土"。灵柩下去之后，先要盖一层薄土，再把墓穴里扫出来的土撒在上面，之后要放上一只碗，叫做"衣饭碗"。这样做是为了以后迁坟的时候动作轻些，免得惊动亡灵，招来不幸。民间的习俗认为，人死后的灵魂随时可能从坟墓里跑出来，跟着活人回家。所以下葬的人必须绕墓转三圈，在回家的路上也严禁回头探视。否则看见死者的灵魂在阴间的踪迹，对双方都是不利的。实际上这也是一种节哀的措施。不然的话死者的亲人不停地回头观望，总也不舍得离开，是很难劝说的。埋葬之后人们必须要洗手，有的还要用酒来洗。这样是表示今后再也不死人，用来驱除晦气。接着丧家要谢吹鼓手和客人。之后还要举行辞灵仪式，祭拜死者的灵位。在有的地方辞灵之后，只要是亲属就要在一起吃饭，这叫做"抢遗饭"。这些民间传统的风俗习惯都反映了了生者对于死者的寄意和对生命兴旺的美好愿望。

Funeral Food 

    Death is no way for people to avoid, and the vast universe, Boundless, people born here and grew, until the last death. For thousands of years people formed the funeral rites, both those who died to make satisfaction, but also let the living peace. Throughout the funeral process, is living with the deceased dialogue exists between a tough knot - read Zuhuai pro. This knot, manifested in the living and the dead physical contacts between, but also in the spirit of contacts between the two. And this reveals the Chinese view of the deep meaning of life and death
  Mortuary ritual 

    He was moved to the positive spirit among the house out bed in the family to spend their lives under guard in the last moment is called "quite mourning."
    In the dying moments, the deceased to wear a shroud. Customs of the Han in the north, the paste was wearing a white shirt and trousers Zaichuan black cotton-padded clothes trousers, most put on a black robe outside. Set of clothing can not have buttons, but also to all fasten with tape, it did so that "tape" is the meaning of his footsteps. The deceased's head to wear a harness while a black hat, crowns to sew a cloth made of red knots used to drive out evil spirits, people think it is good for children and grandchildren is auspicious. If the deceased is male, then foot to wear black shoes, and if a female could wear blue cloth shoes. Shroud it must be a traditional style, even if regime change, passage of time, usually no longer wear the traditional national costumes, and wait until the dying day, but also have to want to restore the original gear. Because, according to a traditional belief that we should meet people died after the ancient ancestors, if our ancestors did not recognize their own children and grandchildren, let him Renzuguizong. Before dying patients and their families have to give him a bath. This is in fact to the deceased's first cosmetic plastic surgery. But such a bath, slip far beyond the material form of the garment itself. Relatives to bathe the deceased, on the one hand sustenance of the living to the dead person's deep feelings of filial respect, on the one hand there are and the "shroud" the same symbolic meaning. The water used for washing the body are generally purchased, commonly known as "buy water." It is itself a ritual can be stand-alone, that is, the "yang water" into a "yin water" a conversion ceremony. The money to buy the water was mainly overcast with the money: burning incense, chemical paper, that paper money. This money is only to be of value in the afterlife can only be enjoyed by the soul, and in the earth, if only a stack of paper. "Buy water" of the dead, apart from the purpose of bathing is to "water wash away the sins the deceased, to eliminate a person who committed the sin", the key is to ensure that the soul of the deceased to know that this is not in the bath to the living, while the is to make clean the dead reach the underworld, were the ancestors of the host.

Memorial ceremony, he must take Ling Peng. Take Lingpeng size of the main funeral home to see the pattern of the compound. If we only take a house yard shed, called "flat studio from elite" also called "a palace" as the classical temple of the same from a ridge above. If the funeral home has two courtyard, you can take a greenhouse, the two are cast courtyard, mourning the courtyard Ceiling higher, forecourt Ceiling slightly lower, so that the top two sub-seamless, high in the former low - , called the "Hall of volume one", that is the high roof of the backyard, "Dian," low-top for the front yard, "Volume." The so-called "Palace" is the meaning of temple; so-called "volume", that the whole is a living Ceiling seats, can be rolled up mean. This shed has always seats available on several layers of foil where outsourcing strict, but could not fir is issued, not only beautiful, and no leaking. From the exterior point of view, magnificent, like a palace, the people look, his death will remember with affection affection. In addition to the main Peng Wai, there must be many uses ranging from the name of a different studio, different scales. Since this period, the condolences of friends and relatives over, and time are relatively concentrated, probably occurred on a crowded festival, or even not on the number row. Therefore, in the other compound is necessary to take one or a few blocks festival tent, where distant relatives and friends come to offer condolences, it was known that Bin diverted to the shed on the Festival. The studio also is used to put official seat, so that guests rest, drink tea, with rice. Next, open hanging ceremony will be held. This is the most stress pomp at a ceremony. Northeast condolences of people a door, crying to meet the relatives to see. Come to offer condolences to the deceased's portrait salute mourning, and weep bitterly. Filial filial daughter in law job of all Pimadaixiao kneel on the spiritual side of the case to accompany Festival. To mourners at the funeral music sound should be kneeling to the deceased. Commonly known as the "first death as a big", so apart from their elders do not kneel down, even if the same generation have to worship on bended knees. Some place to offer condolences as "worship" rituals are generally sent to relatives and friends of the incense, paper money, when people coming to offer condolences sent to the arrival of rituals, some still crying out to sing the friendly relations with the deceased during his lifetime, he asked the spirits of the dead to be blessed How do so. Now city, mourning ceremonies have been greatly simplified, mainly funeral and hold a memorial ceremony. People coming to offer condolences Su-loaded dressed, wearing white flowers and crape, in the Yau Qi's dirge sound of a body has bowed mast, and then pay their last respects mortal remains in the week around the body. Condolences to the dead people can say the main brief to console relatives of the words, such as "Please take care," "Hope you grief," "should mind body" and so on, to console a bereaved family grief by the way, take care of themselves. 

  Into the convergence Ceremony

Encoffining the "grabbing" and "small convergence" parts. Small convergence refers to the deceased to wear clothes, "a funeral" means that the corpses were coffins, a Han Chinese commonly known as the "go big houses."

After completion of condolence was held, it is necessary to conduct encoffining ceremony of the deceased. Encoffining the "grabbing" and "small convergence" parts. Small convergence refers to the clothes for the deceased. According to historical records, ancient little convergence in the death of the bedroom door the next morning. At that time, first a small convergence clothes on display in the room, and then laid a good convergence bed, followed by a ceremony held in dress. Owners and housewives have to put the head of the ornaments removed, the hair bundles in the head plate, the man should be exposed arm, we all have to constantly wail to show the extreme grief. Presided over the ceremony began to dress the deceased, first shop in bed seats, holes and twisted, their texture, to be determined according to the identity of the deceased. Regardless of hierarchy of equal status for the deceased should be 19 sets of new clothes to wear. Put on later, family members wrapped the body with the quilt, and then tied tight with a twist. After that, then Bunang (called an "adventurous", is divided into two sections from top to bottom) sets the body, and then covered with blankets, covering a good body.

In the folk customs, the encoffining clothes and quilts with satin taboo because the "satin" homophonic "broken child", for fear that because of this had been the roost Duanzaijuesun. It is typically used with silk, "silk" homophonic is "thick child" could be blessing many descendants and future generations. Burial clothes also taboo to use fur production. Animal skins, although a rare expensive material, but for those who have died is not good for stays to be useful for the living Dao Hai. Another argument is that the quilt made of animal hide, then the afterlife will be reincarnation of the dead beasts of. Another argument is "full of dead bodies" consider that the fear of man and beast leather corpse can not distinguish a hybrid. Burial clothes not yet able to bring "foreign" character of the fabrics, burial clothing is worn to the deceased person, with foreign-word burial cloth belt she would have "yang" means, for the yin

The dead among the poor. Burial clothes put on, some local governments should also hold open bright and untreated wood, mesh and other activities. Dressed for the deceased, the "gentle water, then take a bowl, using a new cotton, dip it in water, the dead person's eyes and scrub scrub, called the open light, which is filial hand-made things. Said to be dead if not open light, next life will be blind.

"A funeral" means that the corpses were coffins, a Han Chinese commonly known as the "go big houses." This means that the deceased isolation, and Loved the last one another, so to hold a funeral ceremony was very solemn. Corpses Sheng burial coffin, is produced by pine and cypress, taboo with the willow. Pine symbolized longevity. Willow does not seed, or that lead to extinct. In some places to be mixed with cedar coffins to do some fir, allegedly made entirely of cypress wood coffin liable days playing (touch lightning). Suzuki do a good job, after resting there can not be moved, vulgar, said casually move detrimental to me. Usually painted vermilion coffin outside, write pitched. There are paintings of flowers and birds. Grabbing small convergence time is the second day of the third day after death is to be held in order to wait for him come alive. In accordance with folk customs, to the end of the coffin covered with a layer of straw, and then a layer of yellow paper in the shop, meaning that the soul of the deceased can be high in heaven. The Seven board is seeking Ting was intended. In the Seven board capped with yellow Ayako embroidered cotton mattress, vulgar shop called Gold, mattress on a rusty sea river teeth, Baxianguohai other patterns, which means immortality release souls from purgatory to heaven the soul of the deceased. When the master "Bong-corpse in the coffin Convergence," When is the best performance is most in need of expressing filial sons and daughters of the time, is the best family Xiaosi formal occasions. Therefore, family members must be crying in the corner crying. Hop on the coffin in the coffin before they begin to put some burial objects. Pay attention to the private sector is to allow the deceased left hand holding gold and silver right hand grip. Mostly dead people left to take a two-tier of a little gold ingot; right hand a small silver ingot of a two-tier or silver bullion child; while the poor had to put some coins, or coins was common in society, such as the large copper-son, a small steel plate and so on. But just have to put to the dead hands of a handkerchief. Therefore, the ancient tombs have undergone excavation phenomenon. Especially the imperial tombs, funerary objects, mostly Kisei treasures, but also attracted many pretenders. In order to ensure that people can drop a dead corpse integrity of those who die falling down from her former life, things that should be within the disposal of Ru Guan. For example old age, lost teeth, and small burial bath when the nail clippings. At this time, the families they must be placed in coffin. Also, the past, eunuchs because the "purification" and cut off the genitals, but also at this time into the coffin, said to be "next life to be off birth to the whole body." Body, a sacrificial object material is properly placed, and then to nail coffin lid, folk known as "the town of nails." Town Nails in general use seven nails, commonly known as "descendants of nails", this will enable future generations thrive. Encoffining later, the rain coffin. Otherwise, the thought that future generations are liable to the poor. Encoffining around the coffin in the church to stop until the funeral. 

  Mourning ceremony

In the funeral, the younger generation to the elders wear mourning is mainly intended to express filial piety and condolences. This was originally from Zhou, a Confucian ritual, which was later extended to become the people they were dead people "impunity." In all of these funeral customs, funeral homes must wear mourning. In the funeral, the younger generation to the elders wear mourning is mainly intended to express filial piety and condolences. Each family member according to their kinship with the deceased, and the society at that time recognized the form of wear mourning, mourning, known as "compliance with the ceremony suits." For two millennia, the Han people to wear mourning Although there are commitments and variation, but still maintain the original custom is basically divided into five classes, namely: cutting off rafter, Qi rafter, merits and minor merits, fine linen hemp. First so called "cutting off rafter" is the most important type of 5. "Rafter" refers to the mourning of Phi in the chest of the shirt, the next suit is called chang. Chopped rafter are the most thick coat Xiachang raw linen made of left and right side and bottom of the clothing under the seam, so that cut at the exposed, to express, without modification, so it is called chop rafter. On the "rafter" explanation, meaning the non-seam Ji-meaning. Where the princes of the Son of Heaven, King and Robinson, men's and never married women for their parents, daughter in law against her in-laws, bearing Sun for grandparents, wife of the husband, must wear chopped rafter. Second re-mourning called "Qi rafter" is the use of color made of coarse linen of Health. Since then, the following system of filial clothing, where the cut can be closed at both sides; hem welt are marginal hit. Grandson, granddaughter of their grandfather, grandmother, wearing mourning; baryon, heavy women for their great-grandfather, great-grandmother to wear mourning; the great-grandfather, grandmother, wearing mourning both a high compliance "Let's rafter" of the ritual. Sun Xiao-nails red cotton hats, Sun nails one, sub-Sun nails 2; I were and so on. Grandson's wife with three flowers Baotou, insert a red-fu characters. Is not married, and did not comb the hair with long filial granddaughter of the head Wai, a wide belt in the rafter, knot in the head later, I head drooping spine, the head is also inserted a red-fu characters. Grandson, granddaughter of filial piety with red cloth robe on the shoulders a nail, and some cut bats, and some cut other patterns. Dead people by gender, Nanzuonvyou. That's "nails red children." Great-grandchildren Xiao nail pink cotton hat is also a Sun nails, sub-Sun nails 2; I were and so on. Xiao-shoulder gown with red cloth nailed two, but also Nanzuonvyou. That the "nail a few pairs of patches." Yuan Sun shoulders nail 3 "nail small children." "Great service" is a lighter-than-"Let's rafter" in mourning, is to use cooked linen production, material than the "Let's rafter" a little thin materials. For the uncles and parents, as cousins, never married a cousin, had been married for Kou, sisters, and are already married woman, mother, uncle, brother mourning should wear this kind of "great merit" mourning. "Minor merits" is a light in the "great merit" in mourning, is to use smaller cooked linen production. This mourning is from grandparents, uncles and parents, church, never married ancestors regardless, Tang Kou, has married cousin, brother's wife, from the cousins, never married from a cousin, and for the maternal grandparents, maternal uncles, maternal aunt such as mourning and wear. Lightest mourning is "fine linen hemp" is cooked with a little thin cloth made of. Now it is mostly made of cloth with bleach. Known as the "drift filial piety." Where as having grandparents, family Bofu Mu, clan brothers and sisters, never married family, sisters, and other family names for cousins, parents-in-wear mourning are using this grade. Can see that the traditional mourning ritual is based on the material and the duration of wearing mourning, to reflect respect for blood ties with the humble, the pro-and sparse differences. 5, the ancient mourning there is a lighter way, called "Bare-free." Documented in historical records: between friends, if the person went to funerals, funeral and interment in the hall, or when you have to Phi Ma; if far from home, it would be "bare-free" on it. Bare is a bare left shoulder;-free means no Dai Guanzhong, with a cloth belt tied bun. To the modern time, China's burial practices are Western influences, mourning has changed considerably. While bidding farewell to the deceased is usually to pay tribute to spirits of the dead, the other a small yellow left chest, left arm Wai, a crape. Some women died of a loved one inserted in the hairline Cashmere flowers. These symbolic mourning manner than in the ancient mourning, we should greatly simplified. 

  Optional Day Funeral Ceremony

Statement in accordance with superstitious people died in just days, to be elected was buried in the soft day; soft on death and burial should be chosen just days, just days, soft Japanese to tie in with a good Caixing. Convergence after the body must send the burial coffin burial place, called a funeral, known as the "funeral", commonly known as the "funeral." Mortuary ritual may be out of mourning after the burial. In many nations the date of the funeral should be carefully chosen. Statement in accordance with superstition, where the deceased under the odd months, should be even on burial; even on the dead should be buried in the odd months. Odd months, even months and must meet the good Caixing. Otherwise, no Ji. 

  Complained Ceremony

Complained is a major characteristic of funeral customs. Also complained throughout the funeral ceremony, from beginning to end, as many as several times larger scene. The funeral ceremony is the most complained when the attention. Optional day after the ceremony will have to also complained. Complained is a major characteristic of funeral customs. Also complained throughout the funeral ceremony, from beginning to end, as many as several times larger scene. The funeral ceremony is the most complained when the attention. When the funeral must have all the future generations, especially men, "singing cry," otherwise it will be considered in accordance with civil old customs unfilial. In addition, the cry of the volume size is also very important, if the deceased in the Land of the Dead on the road Which is not accompanied by cries resounded through heaven and earth will pass to a radius of tens of years a laughing stock, their descendants should be seen as lack of filial piety, outrageous, how can heaven capacity. Filial piety in order to obtain very good reputation, worthy progeny were in this really has gone through quite some efforts, spend money on behalf of the deceased complained that is worthy progeny are very ancient trick. In some places even complained of occupational sex husband or wife complained, well-paid. Complained when the "sing" a song called complained song, dirge into the ceremony, the rise of the Han and Jin era, to the Northern and Southern Dynasties to be more popular. Interestingly, the elegy after the popular custom of singing the funeral dirge of the occasion is not limited to a funeral. Elegy express what has become the suffering of the dying person's deepest emotional thoughts such as Qichu a catharsis. From the formal point of view, modern folk songs also complained, that elegy can be divided into three categories: First, "San crying"; the second is "hedging"; 3 to "Classic." Characterized by scattered cries of "blossoms turn," what comes to mind cried what what was chatting to sing and have no restrictions. The main contents is to talk to the deceased, yearning love, self-blame on the elders, filial, lamented the suffering of their own life experience. As for hedging, there is a content restrictions. There are "hold mother en", "12 seeking mother", "December playboy" and so on. Cried when someone else is crying the benefits v. the sufferings of their own. "After" is a combination of the funeral rites to sing. The patient's death, by his daughter or wife to sing "buy clothes by" "the clothes by the" and so on. Crying tears can not be dropped when the victim's body, otherwise the body will become a zombie, there is no way to decay, thus can not be a reincarnation. Another argument is that hell to see the deceased's body has tears, putting him or her away, the deceased in the afterlife, then you had other than subject to endless suffering. In addition, "the clothes by the" to sing in the high tide, because "up" the meaning of the word with the accumulation of family wealth. If you cry at this time, his family business will be able to continue to rise as the ebb and flow. If the deceased is a woman, her daughter but also to his mother sing "Song of hair." In any case, encoffining when the children sing and kin have to sing "complained Song," to talk to the dead feeling of nostalgia. The funeral this day early in the morning, long a wife to sing "Open the door." Because people believe, the person has died will be hell, cry, then open the door, the deceased will suffer in the afterlife. When the funeral, his daughter or daughter to sing "out of wood by the" came back to sing "worship by the bed." Sing "pavilion upon" in order to allow the deceased to rest and enjoy the cool way in the afterlife. When the set Lingtai time to sing "The Lingtai Classic." Such practices are mostly sung by the female to head the aim is to enable the safe arrival of the deceased underworld.

  Burial

This is a dead stop at the last moment on earth, and in general are very serious about their future. After the beginning of funerals, and complained, making seven, funeral, etc. After the ceremony, the last link is buried. This is a dead stop at the last moment on earth, and in general are very serious about their future. Because the survival of all nationalities live in different environments and other reasons, the formation of a lot of different burial customs of the ceremony. This burial ritual reflects the people's worship of the soul. Han is mainly inhumation. Cemetery is the final destination of the deceased, so the choice of cemetery is the burial of the deceased's top priority. Cemetery must be selected in a wide terrain, a beautiful place, to find angry condensation of empty hole, allowing the rest the dead ground, blessing children and grandchildren. Burial ceremony was very particular about and cumbersome. Carrying the coffin of people called the "Eight Immortals", dug the coffin cave known as "Punch." Punch would also like to worship in the mountains before, dutiful son to burn incense and light a candle line of mountains ceremony. In some places would like to invite to Sin, but also paintings Tai Sui, Tai Sui, to avoid mountains, when the direction of, or is "太岁头上动土," funeral home will be subjected to the scourge. Mountain's time to do before and after the tomb where beaten wood piles, and then let the dutiful son playing within the piles dug three times with a hoe. Then we came to do the Eight Immortals hole, do a good job and then after the burn portraits of Tai Sui. This tomb is to promote the coffin to go. Bedding in the tomb at the bottom of the two skinned smooth moisturizing bamboo or small trees shirt. When put into the coffin resting on top of the's first, and then drive a crowbar to push, pushed into the bottom after removing the last shovel of some turf to seal the hole puzzle Yan. In the old days, sacrificial tomb is that people are valued. When the ritual killing of a rooster, with its blood memorial. Rooster will not immediately die, but in graves repeated thump, according to the old saying, rooster dead in graves which part and which parts of the children and grandchildren will thrive. Cock flop down feathers is called the "Phoenix feathers", we must pick out. Before burial by the death of a son, but also to be compiled with the grain Cereal grains hoard on the graves. Tun mouth covered with a small pancake. In graves we have to put a ceramic pot, put a jar above the soybean oil lamps, called the long light. In some places are still embedded in a tomb on the Miantong Jing, symbolizing the sun. In ancient times, when rich people want to stay away from the grave, shot three arrows, and then immediately back. This is because the fear can not be held down near the casket ghost evil, they will suffer. In the coffin into the grave at all times to be blasting, saying it was a farewell for the deceased to the underworld. In accordance with the old rules, the time of burial is to pay attention to, and must be the sun off the soil coffin also. Fall when the soil "Eight Immortals" Zongsheng slowly pulling down, cautiously, the relatives have to start throwing dirt on the coffin, this is called "Tim the land." After the coffin down to first build a thin layer of soil, then swept out of the tomb where the soil scattered over the top, then they have to put a bowl, called the "clothing their jobs." This is done to the time after the action of light Qianfen more, lest alerted souls, provoke, unfortunately. Folk custom that after death the soul at any time came out from the grave, followed by the living to go home. Therefore, the person must be buried around the tomb of turn three times on the way home back to visit are also prohibited. Otherwise, the soul of the deceased in the afterlife to see traces of both sides are negative. In fact this is also a grief measure. Otherwise, go back to the deceased's relatives kept watch, the total is not willing to leave, it is difficult persuasion. People need to wash their hands after the burial, and some still use alcohol to wash. This is no longer the dead that in the future, be used to ward off bad luck. Then bereaved family want to thank the advocates and guests. Ling speech after which they held a ceremony to worship the dead souls. In some parts of speech after the Spirit, as long as is necessary with relatives, eat, this is called "looting left rice." These traditional folk customs are reflected in the living and the deceased intended to send the good wishes of prosperity to life.